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1.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(302): 9817-9820, ago.2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1510358

ABSTRACT

O artigo pretende resgatar a relevância do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como Política Pública que alicerça a promoção e prevenção da saúde coletiva. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da busca de artigos em Lilacs, MedLine e Scielo, utilizando os descritores: SUS, Saúde Coletiva e Pública e História da Saúde. Procedeu-se ao cruzamento dos descritores para elucidar as implicações de ações de promoção e prevenção em saúde para o aprimoramento da saúde coletiva.a utilização de escalas como a PUSH na avaliação dos cuidados prestados é essencial para nortear o atendimento.(AU)


This article aims to rescue the relevance of the Unified Health System (SUS) as a Public Policy that underpins the promotion and prevention of collective health. The methodology used was an integrative literature review from the search for articles in Lilacs, MedLine and Scielo databases, using the descriptors: SUS, Collective and Public Health, History of Health. The descriptors were crossed to elucidate the implications of actions with promotion and prevention for the improvement of collective health(AU)


Este artículo tiene como objetivo destacar la importancia del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) como política pública que sustenta la promoción y prevención de la salud colectiva. La metodología utilizada fue una revisión bibliográfica integradora basada en la búsqueda de artículos en Lilacs, MedLine y Scielo, utilizando los descriptores: SUS, Salud Colectiva y Pública e Historia de la Salud. Los descriptores fueron cruzados para dilucidar las implicaciones de las acciones de promoción y prevención de la salud en la mejora de la salud colectiva.(AU)


Subject(s)
Unified Health System , Public Health , Total Quality Management , Community Health Planning
2.
Afr. j. AIDS res. (Online) ; 21(2): 132-142, 28 Jul 2022. Tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1390932

ABSTRACT

Recent literature has shown how the HIV architecture, including community systems, has been critical for fighting COVID-19 in many countries, while sustaining the HIV response. Innovative initiatives suggest that fostering the integration of health services would help address the colliding pandemics. However, there are few documented real-life examples of community mobilisation strategies responding to COVID-19 and HIV. The African Union and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) launched the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing (PACT) in june 2020 with the goal of training and deploying one million community health workers across the continent. UNAIDS partnered with Africa CDC to implement the PACT initiative in seven countries, i.e. Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi and Namibia. The initiative engaged networks of people living with HIV and community-led organisations to support two of its pillars, test and trace, and the sensitisation to protective measures against COVID-19 for the most vulnerable populations. It later expanded to improve access to COVID-19 vaccines. Based on the assessment of country projects, this article explains how PACT activities implemented by communities contributed to mitigating COVID-19 and HIV among vulnerable and marginalised groups. This article contributes to a better understanding of the impact of a community-based approach in responding effectively to emerging health threats and provides lessons from integrated COVID-19 and HIV community-led responses.


Subject(s)
HIV , Community Health Planning , COVID-19 , Health Promotion , Vaccination , Africa , Disease Prevention
3.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 27(spe): 62-65, Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156126

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Community sports are a very important part of urban public service. It directly affects the quality of life of residents and plays an important role in improving the health level of the masses. However, there are still many problems in the current public sports service system, which hinders the provision of public health. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the indicators of community sports service guarantee system, this study uses the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to construct the community public sports service guarantee system, and verifies the effectiveness of the system constructed by this method through an example application. The results show that the weight of each index from large to small is service effectiveness > residents' demand > service capacity > service content; the weight of service effectiveness is 48.46%, which is an important indicator of service guarantee system. In addition, the effectiveness of the community sports service system was verified, and the CR value of the evaluation index system was greater than 0.1, which showed that the consistency of the evaluation index system met the requirements. The public sports service guarantee system constructed by the research institute has good applicability and high practical value. I hope that the research results can provide some reference for the improvement of grass-roots sports service construction, and provide some theoretical support for the construction of grass-roots service evaluation system.


RESUMO O desporto comunitário é uma parte muito importante do serviço público urbano. Afeta diretamente a qualidade de vida da população e desempenha um papel importante na melhoria do nível de saúde das massas. No entanto, ainda há muitos problemas no atual sistema de serviço público de desporto comunitário, o que dificulta a prestação da saúde pública. A fim de garantir a eficácia dos indicadores do sistema de garantia do serviço desportivo, este estudo utiliza o processo hierárquico analítico difuso para construir o sistema de garantia do serviço desportivo público e verifica a eficácia do sistema construído por este método através de uma aplicação dada como exemplo. Os resultados mostram que o peso de cada índice, de alto para baixo, é a eficácia do serviço > demanda da população > capacidade de serviço > conteúdo de serviço; o peso da eficácia do serviço é 48.46%, que é um importante indicador do sistema de garantia do serviço. Além disso, a eficácia do sistema de serviços desportivos foi verificada, e o valor CR do índice de avaliação do sistema foi superior a 0.1, o que mostrou que a consistência do sistema de índice de avaliação satisfazia os requisitos. O sistema público de garantia do serviço desportivo construído pelo instituto de pesquisa tem boa aplicabilidade e elevado valor prático. Espero que os resultados da investigação possam servir de referência para a melhoria da construção de serviços desportivos de base e proporcionar algum apoio teórico à construção de um sistema de avaliação de serviços de base.


RESUMEN Los deportes comunitarios son una parte muy importante del servicio público urbano. Afecta directamente la calidad de vida de los residentes y juega un papel importante en la mejora del nivel de salud de las masas. Sin embargo, todavía existen muchos problemas en el actual sistema público de servicios deportivos, lo que dificulta la prestación de servicios de salud pública. Con el fin de asegurar la efectividad de los indicadores del sistema de garantía del servicio deportivo comunitario, este estudio utiliza el proceso de jerarquía analítica difusa para construir el sistema de garantía del servicio público deportivo comunitario, y verifica la efectividad del sistema construido por este método a través de una aplicación de ejemplo. Los resultados muestran que el peso de cada índice, de mayor a menor, es la eficacia del servicio> la demanda de los residentes> la capacidad del servicio> el contenido del servicio; el peso de la efectividad del servicio es del 48,46%, lo que es un indicador importante del sistema de garantía del servicio. Además, se verificó la efectividad del sistema de servicios deportivos comunitarios y el valor de RC del sistema de índice de evaluación fue mayor a 0.1, lo que mostró que la consistencia del sistema de índice de evaluación cumplió con los requisitos. El sistema de garantía del servicio público de deportes construido por el instituto de investigación tiene una buena aplicabilidad y un alto valor práctico. Espero que los resultados de la investigación puedan proporcionar alguna referencia para la mejora de la construcción de servicios deportivos de base y proporcionar algún apoyo teórico para la construcción de un sistema de evaluación de servicios de base.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sports , Public Sector , Community Health Planning , Healthy People Programs
4.
Salud colect ; 17: e3341, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1290039

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Este artículo problematiza las posibilidades municipales de hacer frente a la pandemia de COVID-19, a partir de la cooperación técnico-científica entre un municipio y una universidad del norte del estado de Rio de Janeiro, a partir de abril de 2020, que involucró la implementación de una sala de situación, procesamiento y análisis de datos para la toma de decisiones y de información para la población, centro de televigilancia, educación permanente con equipos territoriales de atención y estudio epidemiológico de COVID-19 en el municipio, entre otras acciones. En este análisis se utilizó como soporte conceptual una visión micropolítica de los conceptos de experiencia, pragmatismo, trabajo vivo en acto y deseo. La noción de "planhaciendo" se retomó como una planificación inventiva que solo puede ser narrada a posteriori, un acto imperativo, un gobierno vivo en acto que depende de un movimiento anhelante orientado por la vida, y que solo se da en espacios colectivos de prácticas de gestión y de atención a la salud.


ABSTRACT This article critically analyzes local governments' abilities to face the COVID-19 pandemic by examining an instance of technical-scientific cooperation between a municipality and a university located in the northern Rio de Janeiro (state) beginning in April 2020. This collaboration included: the implementation of a situation room, data processing and analysis for decision making and for public communication, a telemonitoring center, ongoing training with territorial healthcare teams, and an epidemiological study of COVID-19 in the municipality, among other actions. We situate our analysis within a conceptual framework that adopts a micropolitical view of concepts such as experience, pragmatism, "live work in action," and desire. The notion of "planning-doing" is deployed as an inventive form of planning that is only narrated a posteriori, as an imperative act, a live government in action that depends on the movement of desire oriented by life, and that only takes place in collective spaces of management practices and health care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Universities/organization & administration , Intersectoral Collaboration , Community Health Planning/organization & administration , Pandemics/prevention & control , COVID-19/prevention & control , Local Government , Brazil/epidemiology , Community-Based Participatory Research , COVID-19/epidemiology , Health Policy
5.
Tempus (Brasília) ; 13(2): 235-245, nov. 2019.
Article in French | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427740

ABSTRACT

A Rede Regional de Saúde de Lausanne (RSRL) é a maior (em termos de população) das quatro redes de saúde que cobrem o território do Distrito de Vaud, na Suíça. As qualidades destas redes (projectos inovadores, contribuição para a fluidez do sistema de saúde, etc.) foram frequentemente elogiadas. Contudo, desde a sua criação, no final da década de 1990, a sua eficiência tem sido difícil de demonstrar. Para tal, os seus membros - prestadores de cuidados hospitalares e ambulatórios - deveriam ter aumentado significativamente o seu nível de cooperação, por exemplo, através da partilha de um número crescente de actividades e projectos, reunindo simultaneamente os recursos necessários para a sua execução. Após o fracasso, em 2012, da introdução do managedcare sob o controle das seguradoras no âmbito federal e, em 2017, de um projeto de lei para criar quatro entidades regionais de saúde comunitária sob o controle do Estado com responsabilidade populacional, abre-se uma janela de oportunidade para que os profissionais de saúde agrupados dentro das redes decidam por si mesmos, ou seja, numa abordagem bottomup, intensificar gradualmente a sua cooperação em torno de projectos inovadores e significativos, até seepossivel reivindicar esta responsabilidade colectiva, pelo menos para a parte da população mais afectada pelos seus serviços: os idosos e as pessoas em perda de autonomia. O Projecto de Cuidados Anticipados (PCA), que se encontra numa fase piloto no âmbito da RSRL com a participação de outras redes e autoridades distritais, poderá ser um primeiro passo nesta direcção. (AU)


Réseau Santé Région Lausanne (RSRL) is the most important (in terms of population) of four healthcare networks covering the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The qualities of these networks (innovative projects, contribution to the fluidity of the health system, etc.) have often been praised. But since their creation in the late 1990s, their efficiency has hardly been demonstrated. To do this, their members - both stationary and ambulatory care providers - would have had to significantly increase their level of cooperation, for example by sharing an increasing number of activities and projects while pooling the resources needed for their implementation. After the failure in 2012 of the introduction of managed care under the control of insurers at the federal level and then, in 2017, of a bill to create under the control of the State four regional community health organizations with a population responsibility, an opportunity raises for the care providers grouped within the networks to decide themselves, in a bottom-up approach, to gradually intensify their cooperation around innovative and meaningful projects, to be able to claim this collective responsibility, at least for the part of the population mainly concerned by their services: the elderly and fragile people. The Advanced Care Project (PAS), piloted within the RSRL with the participation of other networks and cantonal State services, could be a first step in this direction. (AU)


Le Réseau Santé Région Lausanne (RSRL) est le plus important (en termes de population) des quatre réseaux de soins couvrant le territoire du Canton de Vaud en Suisse. Les qualités de ces réseaux (projets innovateurs, contribution à la fluidité du système de santé, etc.) ont souvent été saluées. Mais, depuis leur création à la fin des années 1990, leur efficience a été difficilement démontrée. Pour y parvenir, il aurait fallu que leurs membres ­ prestataires de soins stationnaires et ambulatoires ­ élèvent significativement leur degré de coopération, par exemple en partageant un nombre croissant d'activités et projets tout en mutualisant les ressources nécessaires à leur mise en œuvre. Après l'échec en 2012 de l'introduction du managed care sous le contrôle des assureurs au plan fédéral puis, en 2017, d'un projet de loi visant à créer sous le contrôle de l'État quatre entités régionales de santé communautaire dotées d'une responsabilité populationnelle, une fenêtre d'opportunité s'ouvre pour que les prestataires de soins regroupés au sein des réseaux décident eux-mêmes, c'est à dire dans une démarche bottom up, d'intensifier graduellement leur coopération autour de projets innovateurs et porteurs de sens, jusqu'à être en mesure de revendiquer cette responsabilité collective, au moins pour la partie de la population principalement concernée par leurs prestations : les personnes âgées et en perte d'autonomie. Le projet anticipé des soins (PAS), en phase pilote au sein du RSRL avec la participation des autres réseaux et des instances cantonales, pourrait être une première étape dans cette direction. (AU)


Subject(s)
Health Policy, Planning and Management , Politics , Community Health Planning , Continuity of Patient Care , Health System Financing
6.
Guatemala; MSPAS; oct. 2019. 56 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025888

ABSTRACT

Conteo poblacional se comprenderá como la serie de acciones y procedimientos de recolección de datos de personas, identificación de viviendas y familias, comunidades, sectores y territorios con fines eminentemente sanitarios, relacionando las condiciones de vida, los problemas de salud, sus determinantes sociales y factores de riesgo presentes en ellas. Debido a que las características de la población de una comunidad son dinámicas, se hace necesario realizar cada año una actualización de la información que es de uso necesario para las acciones de salud, lo cual lo diferencia del censo de población que es estático, de cohorte, con otro tipo de indicadores dado por el ente rector el Instituto Nacional de Estadística ­INE-. Además permite el contacto directo entre los equipos de salud del Ministerio de Salud y la población a su cargo Este documento además, forma parte de las herramientas para la implementación del Modelo de Atención y Gestión, junto a la "Guía para la elaboración de un croquis" y a la "Guía de acercamiento y negociación", que forman parte de los documentos que hay en esta App. Este documento contiene los lineamientos y ruta a seguir para el desarrollo del conteo poblacional, describe conceptos básicos, sus características, la secuencia de fases y pasos que incluyen preparación y organización de los equipos de trabajo, herramientas y registro de datos, revisión, análisis y certificación de la información recolectada. Los principales usuarios son el personal que conforman los equipos de salud ­ES- responsables de cada sector y territorio de los distritos de salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Population Characteristics , Population Forecast , Health Evaluation/standards , Population Dynamics , Community Health Planning/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Institutional Management Teams/organization & administration , Epidemiologic Factors , Risk Factors , Population Growth , Population Groups , Allied Health Personnel/education , Health Information Management , Social Determinants of Health , Guatemala , Health Plan Implementation/organization & administration , Health Services Research
8.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 52(supl.1): 3s, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962287

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the planning, sampling, operational aspects of the field, and the sample obtained during a research conducted in a rural area, specifying and discussing the main logistical difficulties unique to these places and the solutions adopted. METHODS We carried out a population-based, cross-sectional survey between January and June 2016, with a representative sample of the population aged 18 years or over living in the rural area of Pelotas (approximately 22,000 individuals), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We collected demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related information, such as alcohol consumption, cigarette consumption, depressive symptoms, quality of diet, quality of life, physical activity, satisfaction with the health unit, overweight or obesity, and sleep problems. RESULTS In the 720 domiciles sampled, 1,697 individuals were identified and 1,519 were interviewed (89.5%). The study initially drew 24 census tracts and proposed the visit to 42 households per tract; however, we need to adjust the method, such as decreasing the number of households per census tract (from 42 to 30) and identifying housing centers in each tract. The main reasons for these changes were difficulty accessing the area, large distances between households, misconceptions in the satellite data available (which did not fit the reality), and high cost of the field work. CONCLUSIONS The previous detailed recognition of the research environment was crucial for decision making as the maps and territory had geographical inconsistencies. The strategies and techniques used in studies for the urban area are not applicable to the rural area given the outcomes observed in Pelotas. The decisions taken, keeping the methodological rigor, were essential to ensure the timely execution of the study with the financial resources available.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o planejamento, a amostragem, os aspectos operacionais do campo e a amostra obtida durante pesquisa realizada na zona rural, especificando e discutindo as principais dificuldades logísticas peculiares a esses locais e as soluções adotadas. MÉTODOS Entre janeiro e junho de 2016, foi realizado inquérito transversal de base populacional, com amostra representativa da população com 18 anos de idade ou mais residente na zona rural de Pelotas (cerca de 22 mil), RS, Brasil. Foram coletadas informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e relacionadas à saúde, como consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, consumo de cigarros, sintomas depressivos, qualidade da alimentação, qualidade de vida, atividade física, satisfação com a unidade de saúde, excesso de peso ou obesidade e problemas do sono. RESULTADOS Em 720 domicílios amostrados, 1.697 indivíduos foram identificados e 1.519 foram entrevistados (89,5%). O estudo, inicialmente, sorteou 24 setores e propôs-se a visitar 42 domicílios/setor, mas foram necessárias adequações metodológicas, especialmente a redução do número de domicílios por setor (de 42 para 30) e a identificação de núcleos habitacionais nos setores. As principais razões para as adequações foram dificuldade de acesso aos locais, grandes distâncias entre residências, equívocos nos dados geográficos disponíveis via satélite (não condiziam com a realidade) e alto custo. CONCLUSÕES O prévio reconhecimento detalhado do ambiente de pesquisa foi fundamental para a tomada de decisão perante às inconsistências geográficas entre mapas e território. As estratégias e técnicas dos estudos na zona urbana não são aplicáveis à zona rural no que tange ao contexto observado em Pelotas. As medidas adotadas, mantendo o rigor metodológico, foram fundamentais para garantir a execução do estudo no tempo planejado e com os recursos financeiros disponíveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveys/methods , Community Health Planning/methods , Research Design/standards , Brazil , Feasibility Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection/methods , Sampling Studies , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Community Health Planning/standards , Geography , Middle Aged
9.
Rev. saúde pública ; 51: 11, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-845900

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodology used in the process of setting health priorities for community intervention in a community of older adults. METHODS Based on the results of a health diagnosis related to active aging, a prioritization process was conceived to select the priority intervention problem. The process comprised four successive phases of problem analysis and classification: (1) grouping by level of similarity, (2) classification according to epidemiological criteria, (3) ordering by experts, and (4) application of the Hanlon method. These stages combined, in an integrated manner, the views of health team professionals, community nursing and gerontology experts, and the actual community. RESULTS The first stage grouped the identified problems by level of similarity, comprising a body of 19 issues for analysis. In the second stage these problems were classified by the health team members by epidemiological criteria (size, vulnerability, and transcendence). The nine most relevant problems resulting from the second stage of the process were submitted to expert analysis and the five most pertinent problems were selected. The last step identified the priority issue for intervention in this specific community with the participation of formal and informal community leaders: Low Social Interaction in Community Participation. CONCLUSIONS The prioritization process is a key step in health planning, enabling the identification of priority problems to intervene in a given community at a given time. There are no default formulas for selecting priority issues. It is up to each community intervention team to define its own process with different methods/techniques that allow the identification of and intervention in needs classified as priority by the community.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever a metodologia utilizada no processo de estabelecimento de prioridades em saúde para intervenção comunitária, numa comunidade idosa. MÉTODOS Partindo dos resultados de um diagnóstico de saúde no âmbito da promoção do envelhecimento ativo, concebeu-se um processo de estabelecimento de prioridades a fim de selecionar o problema prioritário para intervenção. O processo integrou quatro etapas sucessivas de análise e classificação dos problemas: (1) agrupamento por nível de similitude, (2) classificação de acordo com critérios epidemiológicos, (3) ordenação por peritos e (4) aplicação do método de Hanlon. No decurso destas etapas, combinaram-se, de forma integrada, as perspetivas dos profissionais da equipe de saúde, de peritos em enfermagem comunitária e gerontologia e da própria comunidade. RESULTADOS Na primeira etapa, agruparam-se por nível de similitude os problemas identificados, constituindo-se um corpo de 19 problemas para análise. Na segunda, esses problemas foram classificados pelos elementos da equipe de saúde, mediante a aplicação de critérios de cariz epidemiológico (magnitude, vulnerabilidade e transcendência). Os nove problemas mais relevantes resultantes da operacionalização da segunda etapa do processo foram submetidos a análise por peritos, e selecionados os cinco problemas com maior pertinência de atuação. Na última etapa, com recurso à participação de líderes formais e informais da comunidade, identificou-se o problema prioritário para intervenção nessa comunidade específica: a Baixa Interação Social na Participação Comunitária. CONCLUSÕES O processo de estabelecimento de prioridades é uma etapa fundamental do planejamento em saúde, permitindo identificar os problemas prioritários a intervir numa determinada comunidade e num determinado momento. Não existem fórmulas predeterminadas para a seleção de problemas prioritários. Cabe a cada equipe de intervenção comunitária a definição de um processo próprio com diferentes métodos/técnicas que possibilitem a identificação e intervenção em necessidades classificadas como prioritárias pela comunidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Community Health Planning/methods , Health Priorities/standards , Needs Assessment/standards , Feasibility Studies , Health Services for the Aged/standards , Portugal , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic Factors
10.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 21(supl.1): 1355-1366, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-954292

ABSTRACT

Propostas inovadoras para o processo ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de Medicina vêm sendo desenvolvidas em busca de uma formação profissional generalista, humanista e crítica. A partir da aprovação do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM), novas escolas foram criadas adotando metodologias de ensino ativas e promovendo maior integração ensinoserviço-comunidade. Este artigo é um relato de experiência sobre o desenvolvimento do módulo Vivência Integrada na Comunidade no curso de Medicina da Escola Multicampi de Ciências Médicas do Rio Grande do Norte, que oportuniza ao estudante uma inserção longitudinal no sistema de Saúde em municípios do interior do Nordeste. Essa proposta vem promovendo maior integração entre a universidade, os gestores e os trabalhadores da Saúde. A aposta é a de que este módulo poderá contribuir com a fixação do médico na região e fortalecer o sistema de Saúde no interior do Brasil.


Innovative teaching-learning process proposals for medical courses have been developed for generalist, humanistic, critical professional education. Beginning with approval of the More Doctors Program, new schools were created, adopting active teaching methodologies and promoting further community-service-teaching integration. This paper is an experience report on the development of the Integrated Experience in the Community module in the medical course at the Medical Sciences Multi-campuses College of Rio Grande do Norte, which provides students with longitudinal insertion opportunities in the healthcare system of the hinterland towns of the Northeast region. This proposed module has been promoting further integration between the university managers, and healthcare workers. The goal of this module is to contribute to securing physicians for in the region and strengthening the healthcare system in the Brazilian hinterland.


Se han desarrollado propuestas innovadoras para el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en los cursos de medicina a la búsqueda de una formación profesional generalista, humanista y crítica. A partir de la aprobación del Programa Más Médicos se crearon nuevas escuelas, adoptando metodologías de enseñanza activas y promoviendo una mayor integración enseñanza-serviciocomunidad. Este artículo es un relato de experiencia sobre el desarrollo del módulo "Vivencia integrada en la comunidad" en el curso de medicina de la Escuela Multicampi de Ciencias Médicas de Rio Grande do Norte que proporciona al estudiante una inserción longitudinal en el sistema de salud en municipios del interior del Nordeste de Brasil. Esta propuesta ha promovido una mayor integración entre la Universidad, los gestores y los trabajadores de la salud. La apuesta es que este módulo podrá contribuir con la fijación del médico en la región y fortalecer el sistema de salud en el interior de Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schools, Medical/supply & distribution , Intersectoral Collaboration , Curriculum/trends , Education, Medical , Brazil , Community Health Planning
11.
Korean Journal of Health Promotion ; : 184-192, 2017.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-21605

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Smoking increases the risk of diabetic complications, but the prevalence of smoking in diabetes is similar to non-diabetes. We aimed to investigate factors associated with smoking cessation intentions (SCI) in current smokers with diabetes. METHODS: In the 2013 Community Health Survey, information about current smokers has been collected among people who are over 30 years old with diabetes. Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the association between socio-demographic indicators, health behaviors, comorbidities, smoking-related factors, diabetes-related factors and SCI. A total of 3,511 current smokers with diabetes were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Among current smokers with diabetes, 13.4% reported having SCI (within six months). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, gender, education, marital status and occupation were found to be significantly related to SCI. Moreover, lower amounts of smoking, previous attempts to smoking cessation (odds ratio [OR] 3.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.94–4.56), experience of smoking cessation recommendations from acquaintances (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.38–2.52), experience of smoking cessation education (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12–2.20), and experience of diabetic education (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06–1.66) were significantly associated with SCI in current smokers with diabetes. CONCLUSION: In order to lower the smoking rate of community-dwelling adults with diabetes, effective anti-smoking interventions are needed, taking into account SCI-related factors, including smoking cessation education and diabetes education.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Community Health Planning , Comorbidity , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus , Education , Friends , Health Behavior , Health Surveys , Intention , Korea , Logistic Models , Marital Status , Occupations , Prevalence , Smoke , Smoking Cessation , Smoking
12.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 383-385, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-179973

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization (WHO) have been in collaborative efforts with the Republic of Korea in keeping of and for better health for all for the past decades. From the control of parasites to building of community health system in rural places, the works has now resulted in healthier Korea than ever, and has transformed the role of engaging as the world leader in contribution of health and development. Seventy years of independence, war, and poverty, transforming from a recipient country of official development assistance to a significant donor to the global society, we have emphasized the importance of international cooperation and the role of WHO in the past years in Korea and neighboring countries. Looking back of the past is meaningful to diagnose the present problems, and to foresee the future of our world.


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Health Planning , Global Health , International Cooperation , Korea , Parasites , Poverty , Public Health , Publications , Republic of Korea , Tissue Donors , World Health Organization
13.
Rev. medica electron ; 38(6): 837-850, nov.-dic. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-830572

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la teoría de la localización comienza a contemplar problemáticas en las instalaciones de servicios. Por un lado, encuentra la localización óptima, y por otro, determina la asignación de demanda a dichos centros. Los servicios de salud no se escapan de esta problemática de localización. La ubicación espacial resulta de gran importancia, particularmente, en el ámbito de los servicios públicos apunta a mejorar los niveles de equidad espacial para la población. Objetivo: reasignar la población perteneciente a los consultorios del médico de la familia, minimizando la distancia total que deberá recorrer los pacientes hacia ellos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó la reasignación de la población en los consultorios del médico de la familia pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario Carlos Verdugo, de la ciudad de Matanzas. Entre las principales herramientas y técnicas que se utilizaron se encuentran: observación, revisión de documentos, entrevista individual, métodos de expertos, método de localización del centro de gravedad y herramienta informática GeoMap de apoyo a la asignación de zonas a los consultorios minimizando distancia. Además, se trabajó con el Excel, Autocad, Mapinfo. Resultados: la evaluación de la localización de los consultorios pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario Carlos Verdugo, a partir de la utilización del método de centro de gravedad, así como la propuesta de una mejora en cuanto a la reubicación de las zonas según la distribución de la población asignada a estos consultorios peor ubicados minimizando la distancia a recorrer hacia estos servicios, a partir de la utilización de una herramienta informática. Conclusiones: el método empleado demostró un fácil y rápido acceso a los servicios de atención primaria como aspecto relevante en la efectividad del sistema de salud, así como en la planificación y satisfacción de los pacientes con el servicio prestado.


Introduction: the location theory begins taking into account the problems in service facilities. From one side it finds the optimal location, and from the other, it determines the demand assignation to these centers. Health services do not escape from this location problem. The special location acquires great importance, and particularly in the field of public services’, it tends to improve the level of spatial equity for the population. Objective: reassigning the population belonging to the family physician consultations, minimizing the total distance the patients have to go through up to them. Materials and methods: we made the re-assignation of the population in the family physician consultations belonging to the University Policlinic Carlos Verdugo, of the city of Matanzas. Among the main tools and techniques used are: observation, documents reviewing, individual interview, expertise methods, method of locating the gravity center, and GeoMap informatics tool supporting the assignation of zones to the consultations, minimizing distances. Besides that, we worked with Excel, Autocad, Mapinfo. Results: the assessment of the location of consultations belonging to the University Policlinic Carlos Verdugo, on the basis of the usage of the gravity center method, and also the proposal of an improvement related with zones relocation according to the distribution of population assigned to the worse-located consultations, minimizing the distance to go through to these services, using an informatics tool. Conclusions: the used method showed an easy and fast access to primary care services, as a relevant aspect in the health system effectiveness, and also in the planning and satisfaction of the patients with the given service.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Residence Characteristics , Community Health Planning/methods
14.
Epidemiology and Health ; : e2016017-2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-721124

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to identify the factors that affect screening for diabetic complications by sex in the community. METHODS: This study used individual-level data from the 2013 Community Health Survey (CHS) for 20,806 (male, 9,958; female, 10,848) adults aged 30 years or older who were diagnosed with diabetes. Community-level data for 253 communities were derived from either CHS or national statistics. A chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the rate of screening for diabetic complications according to individual-level and community-level variables. In the multilevel analysis, the community-level variance ratio of the null model was 7.4% and 9.2% for males and females, respectively. With regard to community-level variables, males were affected by the city type, number of physicians, and their living environment, while females were affected by number of physicians, natural and living environments, and public transportation. CONCLUSIONS: The factors that influenced individual willingness to undergo screening for diabetic complications differed slightly by sex; however, both males and females were more likely to undergo screening when they recognized their health status as poor or when they actively sought to manage their health conditions. Moreover, in terms of community-level variables, both males and females were affected by the number of physicians. It is essential to provide sufficient and ongoing opportunities for education on diabetes and its management through collaboration with local communities and primary care medical centers.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Community Health Planning , Cooperative Behavior , Diabetes Complications , Education , Health Surveys , Logistic Models , Mass Screening , Multilevel Analysis , Primary Health Care , Transportation
15.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2016; 22 (12): 904-909
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-184234

ABSTRACT

Early findings and management of health conditions are among the key functions of health care systems. We developed a partnership framework to establish an extended primary health care-based selective screening service for the entire population of a small town as a key project of Qazvin Health Plan, Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran. Eight scientific associations and a diverse technical taskforce extensively reviewed evidence to adapt the grade A and B preventive recommendations of the American Preventive Service Taskforce. A list of 15 priority health conditions was identified and screening protocols were developed accordingly. Then strategies for working with private sector providers for better health care were applied to form our partnership model through which we ensured provision of screening services in 3 areas: service provision, quality and costs. Six private medical offices and a laboratory cooperated with the public health centre of the town to screen eligible residents. Preliminary analysis of the results suggests that the framework has successfully engaged private care providers


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Community Health Planning/standards , Risk Factors , Health Workforce
16.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research ; : 49-54, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-219682

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the association between AR and mental health status in the general Korean adult population and to investigate the relative burden of AR on mental health using the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed by using data from 11,154 individuals, 19 years old or older in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012. Univariate analysis was conducted in the healthy AR groups with weighted prevalence of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and comorbid diseases. Subanalysis that classified AR severity according to the ARIA classification was carried out to evaluate the relationship of AR severity with mental health. The odds ratios (ORs) for each component representing mental health status were estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis with confounder adjustment. RESULTS: Univariate analysis with the chi-square test after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use status, and exercise status, components representing mental health status showed a linear relationship with the severity of AR according to the ARIA classification. Stress, depressive mood, suicidal thoughts, and psychological consultation factors were correlated with AR after adjustment for demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status. Even after adjustment for comorbid allergic diseases, the correlation remained significant with stress, depressive mood, and psychological consultation factors (OR [95% CI]; 1.227 [1.042, 1.445], 1.368 [1.095, 1.71], 1.804 [1.096, 2.969], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AR appear to be at higher risk of mental disorders in the general Korean adult population. Moreover, persistent or severe AR was correlated with poor mental health. Therefore, better control of AR may be conducive to better mental health, and more attention should be paid to the psychological status of AR patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Asthma , Body Mass Index , Classification , Community Health Planning , Cross-Sectional Studies , Logistic Models , Mental Disorders , Mental Health , Nutrition Surveys , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Rhinitis , Smoke , Smoking , Social Class
17.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(supl.1): 269-276, Nov. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767943

ABSTRACT

Abstract Public Health Observatories (PHOs) were created in England in 2000 as an important adjunct to the public health system in the country. The observatories were networked together, which allowed pooling of expertise and rapid dissemination of methods and results. The network grew to include the whole of the UK and Ireland and was a very successful force for change until PHOs were subsumed into the new Government Agency Public Health Organization, Public Health England. This paper describes the lessons learnt from their existence in the public health system in England for fourteen years.


Resumo Os Observatórios de Saúde Pública foram criados na Inglaterra em 2000 como instâncias auxiliares importantes para o sistema de saúde pública no país. Os observatórios constituíram uma rede, que permitiu o compartilhamento de experiências e a disseminação rápida de métodos e resultados. Essa rede cresceu até cobrir todo o Reino Unido e Irlanda, servindo como força altamente bem-sucedida em favor de mudanças, até que os observatórios foram subsumidos pela nova agência governamental de saúde pública, chamada Public Health England. O artigo descreve as lições aprendidas ao longo dos 14 anos de existência dos observatórios junto ao sistema de saúde pública da Inglaterra.


Resumen Los Observatorios de Salud Pública se crearon en Inglaterra en 2000 como importantes órganos auxiliares para el sistema de salud pública en el país. Los observatorios establecieron una red, permitiendo el intercambio de experiencias y la rápida difusión de los métodos y resultados. Esta red creció hasta cubrir todo el Reino Unido e Irlanda, sirviendo como fuerza de gran éxito para el cambio, hasta que los observatorios fueron subsumidos por la nueva salud pública agencia gubernamental, la Public Health England. El artículo describe las lecciones aprendidas durante los 14 años de existencia de los observatorios en el sistema de salud pública en Inglaterra.


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Health Planning , Health Policy , Information Dissemination , Public Health Practice , Social Justice , England
18.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(5): 444-467, sep.-oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-764727

ABSTRACT

Con motivo del 20º aniversario del Informe sobre el Desarrollo Mundial 1993, una Comisión de la revista The Lancet reconsideró el argumento a favor de la inversión en salud y desarrolló un nuevo marco de inversión para lograr mejoras dramáticas en materia de salud para el año 2035. El informe de la Comisión contiene cuatro mensajes clave, cada uno acompañado de oportunidades para los gobiernos nacionales de países de ingresos bajos y medios y para la comunidad internacional. En primer lugar, invertir en salud acarrea enormes rendimientos económicos. Las impresionantes ganancias son un fuerte argumento a favor de un aumento en el financiamiento nacional de la salud y de asignar una mayor proporción de la asistencia oficial al desarrollo de la salud. En segundo lugar, en el modelo creado por la Comisión se encontró que es posible lograr para el año 2035 una "gran convergencia" en salud, consistente en la reducción de las tasas de mortalidad materna, infantil y por infecciones a niveles universalmente bajos. Tal convergencia requeriría la ampliación de las herramientas de salud existentes y un incremento agresivo de nuevas herramientas, y podría ser financiada en su mayor parte con recursos derivados del crecimiento económico esperado de los países de ingresos bajos y medios. La mejor manera en que la comunidad internacional puede apoyar la convergencia es financiando el desarrollo y suministro de nuevas tecnologías de salud, y frenando la resistencia a los antibióticos. En tercer lugar, las políticas fiscales -tales como los impuestos al tabaco y al alcohol- son una palanca poderosa y subutilizada que los gobiernos pueden emplear para detener el avance de las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) y las lesiones, a la vez que elevan los ingresos públicos para la salud. La acción internacional sobre las ENT y lesiones debería enfocarse en proporcionar asistencia técnica sobre políticas fiscales, en cooperación regional para el combate al tabaquismo y en financiar investigación sobre políticas e implementación para ampliar las intervenciones que enfrenten estos problemas. En cuarto lugar, la universalización progresiva -una vía hacia la cobertura universal de salud (CUS) que incluya desde el comienzo a los pobres- es una manera eficiente de lograr la protección a la salud contra riesgos financieros. Para los gobiernos nacionales, la universalización progresiva produciría elevadas ganancias en salud por cada dólar que se gaste en ésta, y los pobres serían quienes más ganarían en términos tanto de salud como de protección financiera. La mejor manera en que la comunidad internacional puede brindar apoyo a los países para implementar una CUS progresiva es financiando la investigación sobre políticas e implementación, por ejemplo, sobre la mecánica del diseño e instrumentación de la evolución del paquete de beneficios conforme crezca el presupuesto para las finanzas públicas.


Prompted by the 20th anniversary of the 1993 World Development Report, a Lancet Commission revisited the case for investment in health and developed a new investment framework to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035. The Commission's report has four key messages, each accompanied by opportunities for action by national governments of low-income and middle-income countries and by the international community. First, there is an enormous economic payoff from investing in health. The impressive returns make a strong case for both increased domestic financing of health and for allocating a higher proportion of official development assistance to development of health. Second, modeling by the Commission found that a "grand convergence" in health is achievable by 2035-that is, a reduction in infectious, maternal, and child mortality down to universally low levels. Convergence would require aggressive scale up of existing and new health tools, and it could mostly be financed from the expected economic growth of low- and middle-income countries. The international community can best support convergence by funding the development and delivery of new health technologies and by curbing antibiotic resistance. Third, fiscal policies -such as taxation of tobacco and alcohol- are a powerful and underused lever that governments can use to curb non-communicable diseases and injuries while also raising revenue for health. International action on NCDs and injuries should focus on providing technical assistance on fiscal policies, regional cooperation on tobacco, and funding policy and implementation research on scaling-up of interventions to tackle these conditions. Fourth, progressive universalism, a pathway to universal health coverage (UHC) that includes the poor from the outset, is an efficient way to achieve health and financial risk protection. For national governments, progressive universalism would yield high health gains per dollar spent and poor people would gain the most in terms of health and financial protection. The international community can best support countries to implement progressive UHC by financing policy and implementation research, such as on the mechanics of designing and implementing evolution of the benefits package as the resource envelope for public finance grows.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health , Global Health , Preventive Health Services , Community Health Planning , Universal Health Insurance , Developing Countries , Financing, Government , Financing, Organized , Goals , Health Policy , Health Promotion , International Cooperation , Investments
19.
Saúde Soc ; 24(1): 61-71, Jan-Mar/2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-744744

ABSTRACT

Os indicadores de saúde refletem o quadro real das condições de saúde de uma população. Sua utilização pode orientar os gestores de saúde no planejamento e controle das atividades locais. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a percepção dos gestores de unidades de saúde quanto ao uso dos indicadores de saúde em suas ações de planejamento e controle dos serviços de saúde. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem de análise qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado na subprefeitura da Aricanduva, a partir de entrevistas com gestores das unidades de saúde. Para a interpretação dos dados levantados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Os trechos das falas dos gestores foram agrupados por temas. Os indicadores de saúde são subutilizados pelos gestores em suas ações de planejamento e controle de serviços. Os sistemas de informações em saúde são apreendidos como instrumentos técnico–burocráticos por parte dos gestores. Alguns entraves foram mencionados pelos gestores em relação ao acesso às informações em saúde. A lentidão dos sistemas foi considerada o principal entrave, seguido pelo escasso número de profissionais capacitados para operar o sistema, falta de oportunidades para formação e atualização dos profissionais, além da pouca integração entre os sistemas. Verifcou-se que, em maioria, os gestores entrevistados não se apropriam dos indicadores de saúde para suas ações gerenciais. Recomenda-se propiciar condições institucionais para uma utilização mais efetiva dos indicadores de saúde como instrumento de gestão das unidades do serviço público de saúde.


Health indicators reflect the population health status true picture. Its use can guide health managers for planning and controlling interventions. This study aims to describe the managers' perception of health facilities concerning the health indicators use in the planning and control of actions performed at their health units. A descriptive study was conducted by interviewing the health facilities managers using a qualitative analysis approach, in the subprefecture of Aricanduva. The methodological resource of discourse contents thematic analysis was used to the results. The managers' speeches segments were grouped by themes. Health indicators are underutilized by managers in their actions planning and control services. The health information systems are perceived as bureaucratic and technical instruments by managers. The managers mentioned some barriers in relation to the access to health information. The slowness of the systems was considered the most important barrier, followed by the small number of professionals trained to operate the system, the lack of opportunities for training and updating professionals, as well as a poor integration between systems. Most managers are not fully qualified as health indicators users in their actions' planning and management. The institutional resources provision is recommended to allow a more effective use of the health indicators as a management tool for public health units.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Management , Health Status Indicators , Health Status , Community Health Planning , Health Services , Health Information Systems , Access to Information , Health Centers , Qualitative Research
20.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 319 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-878789

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho se inscreve no campo da saúde pública em sua perspectiva interdisciplinar, pois mobiliza conhecimentos oriundos da epidemiologia, do planejamento e das ciências humanas e sociais. Nosso objetivo central foi analisar a viabilidade política do planejamento participativo na Terra Indígena Tirecatinga, DSEI Cuiabá, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A fundamentação teórica utilizada foi a Teoria do Jogo Social de Carlos Matus que visita e amplia duas outras teorias formuladas pelo autor: a Teoria das Situações e a Teoria da Produção Social. A estratégia metodológica escolhida foi o Estudo de Caso tendo em vista que a formulação de um plano local por meio do planejamento estratégico situacional tratou-se de um caso não significando que o processo e os resultados obtidos poderão ser generalizados para as demais comunidades indígenas do território nacional. Os depoimentos foram submetidos à Análise do Discurso segundo hipóteses de Dominique Mainguenau. Esperamos que o exercício do planejamento em território indígena amplie a compreensão da situação de saúde dos índios que vivem na Terra Indígena Tirecatinga, território adstrito ao DSEI Cuiabá; estenda a compreensão sobre as lógicas de ação que permeiam as práticas dos sujeitos nos espaços de participação social; que o planejamento seja um instrumento de reflexão e mudança para a organização fornecendo subsídios para a institucionalização do mesmo tendo em vista as necessidades dos sujeitos e, sobretudo, promova a


This work falls within the field of public health from an interdisciplinary perspective as it mobilizes knowledge from epidemiology, planning and human and social sciences. Our main objective was to analyze the political viability of participatory planning within Tirecatinga Indigenous Territory, DSEI Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The theoretical framework used was the Theory of Social Game by Carlos Matus, created by visiting and extending two other theories formulated by the same author: the Theory of Situations and the Theory of Social Production. The selected methodological strategy was a case study with a view to formulate a local level situational strategic planning used to treat a case. Therefore the process and the results cannot be generalised to other indigenous communities within the national territory. All reports were submitted to Discourse Analysis according to Dominique Mainguenaus hypothesis. We hope that the exercise of planning within indigenous territories can expand the understanding of the health status of Indians living within Tirecatinga Indigenous Territorry, a territory attached to the DSEI Cuiabá; extend the understanding of the logic of action that permeates the practices of the subjects in the spaces of social participation; that planning can be used as a reflection tool and promote changes to the organization providing support for the institutionalization from a perspective which recognizes the needs of individuals and, above all, promote


Subject(s)
Community Health Planning/standards , Community Participation , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Participatory Planning , Social Participation , Brazil , Case Reports , Health Planning/standards , Local Health Systems , Religious Missions
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